Newcastle upon Tyne

Newcastle upon Tyne
Coat of arms of Newcastle upon Tyne
Nickname: 
The Toon
Motto(s): 
Latin: Fortiter Defendit Triumphans, lit.'Triumphing by Brave Defence'
Newcastle shown within Tyne and Wear
Newcastle shown within Tyne and Wear
Newcastle upon Tyne is located in England
Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne
Location within England
Newcastle upon Tyne is located in the United Kingdom
Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne
Location within the United Kingdom
Newcastle upon Tyne is located in Europe
Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne
Location in Europe
Coordinates: 54°58′41″N 1°36′37″W / 54.9780°N 1.6102°W / 54.9780; -1.6102[1]
OS grid referenceNZ 2504 6489[1]
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
CountryEngland
RegionNorth East
City regionNorth of Tyne
Ceremonial countyTyne and Wear
Historic countyNorthumberland
Founded2nd century AD
City status1882
Metropolitan borough1 April 1974
Administrative HQNewcastle Civic Centre
Government
 • TypeMetropolitan borough with leader and cabinet
 • BodyNewcastle City Council
 • ControlLabour
 • LeaderNick Kemp (L)
 • Lord MayorVeronica Dunn
 • Chief ExecutivePam Smith
 • House of Commons
Area
 • Total44 sq mi (115 km2)
 • Land43.8 sq mi (113.5 km2)
 • Rank182nd
Population
 (2021)[4]
 • Total298,264
 • Rank47th
 • Density6,810/sq mi (2,629/km2)
Demonyms
Ethnicity (2021)
 • Ethnic groups
List
Religion (2021)
 • Religion
List
Time zoneUTC+0 (GMT)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (BST)
Postcode area
  • NE1–7
  • NE12–20
  • NE27–29
  • NE82–99
Dialling code0191
ISO 3166 codeGB-NET
GSS codeE08000021
ITL codeTLC22
GVA2021 estimate[6]
 • Total£9.5 billion
 • Per capita£31,700
GDP (nominal)2021 estimate[6]
 • Total£10.5 billion
 • Per capita£35,070
Websitenewcastle.gov.uk

Newcastle upon Tyne, or simply Newcastle (/njˈkæsəl/ new-KASS-əl, RP: /ˈnjkɑːsəl/ NEW-kah-səl),[7] is a cathedral city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. It is England's northernmost metropolitan borough, located on the River Tyne's northern bank opposite Gateshead to the south. It is the most populous settlement in the Tyneside conurbation and North East England.[8]

Newcastle developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius.[9] The settlement became known as Monkchester before taking on the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son, Robert Curthose. It was one of the world's largest ship building and repair centres during the industrial revolution.[10] Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it separated and formed a county of itself.[11][12][13][14] In 1974, Newcastle became part of Tyne and Wear. Since 2018, the city council has been part of the North of Tyne Combined Authority.

  1. ^ a b "Newcastle upon Tyne, North East". Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  2. ^ "How we run the city". Newcastle City Council. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  3. ^ "Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2021". Office for National Statistics. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  4. ^ "Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2021". Office for National Statistics. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  5. ^ a b UK Census (2021). "2021 Census Area Profile – Newcastle upon Tyne Local Authority (E08000021)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  6. ^ a b Fenton, Trevor (25 April 2023). "Regional gross domestic product: city regions". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  7. ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. p. 539. ISBN 9781405881180.
  8. ^ "Figure 1: Explore population characteristics of individual BUAs". Retrieved 7 August 2021.
  9. ^ GoogleBooks George Patrick Welch, Britannia, the Roman Conquest and Occupation of Britain, Wesleyan University Press, 1963, pp 165, 167, 277
  10. ^ "Shipbuilding in North East England". englandsnortheast.co.uk. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference self57567 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference sepNewc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference archivesMuseumSeparatedFromNorthumberland was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference countyOfItself_Separated_1400 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).