TeX

TeX
Developer(s)Donald Knuth
Initial release1978 (1978)
Stable release
3.141592653 / February 2021 (2021-02)
Repository
Written inWEB/Pascal
Operating systemCross-platform
TypeTypesetting
LicensePermissive free software
Websitetug.org
TeX
Filename extension
.tex
Internet media type
application/x-tex [a]
Initial release1978 (1978)
Type of formatDocument file format

TeX (/tɛx/, see below), stylized within the system as TeX, is a typesetting system which was designed and written by computer scientist and Stanford University professor Donald Knuth[1] and first released in 1978. TeX is a popular means of typesetting complex mathematical formulae; it has been noted as one of the most sophisticated digital typographical systems.[2]

TeX is widely used in academia, especially in mathematics, computer science, economics, political science, engineering, linguistics, physics, statistics, and quantitative psychology. It has long since displaced Unix troff,[b] the previously favored formatting system, in most Unix installations. It is also used for many other typesetting tasks, especially in the form of LaTeX, ConTeXt, and other macro packages.

TeX was designed with two main goals in mind: to allow anybody to produce high-quality books with minimal effort, and to provide a system that would give exactly the same results on all computers, at any point in time (together with the Metafont language for font description and the Computer Modern family of typefaces).[3] TeX is free software, which made it accessible to a wide range of users.


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  1. ^ "Per Bothner (attendee at TeX Project meetings) discusses authorship". Knuth definitely wrote most of the code himself, at least for the Metafont re-write, for which I have pe[r]sonal knowledge. However, some of his students (such as Michael Plass and John Hobby) did work on the algorithms used in TeX and Metafont.
  2. ^ Yannis Haralambous. Fonts & Encodings (Translated by P. Scott Horne). Beijing; Sebastopol, Calif: O'Reilly Media, 2007, pp. 235.
  3. ^ Gaudeul, Alexia (27 March 2006). "Do Open Source Developers Respond to Competition?: The (La)TeX Case Study". doi:10.2139/ssrn.908946. S2CID 154052655. SSRN 908946. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)