Women in Japan

Women in Japan
A photograph of Japanese women from the book "Japan And Japanese" (1902)
General Statistics
Maternal mortality (per 100,000)5 (2010)
Women in parliament10.2% (2018)[1]
Women over 25 with secondary education80.0% (2010)
Women in labour force64.6% employment rate (2015)[2]
Gender Inequality Index[3]
Value0.083 (2021)
Rank22nd out of 191
Global Gender Gap Index[4]
Value0.650 (2022)
Rank116th out of 146

Although women in Japan were recognized as having equal legal rights to men after World War II, economic conditions for women remain unbalanced.[5] Modern policy initiatives to encourage motherhood and workplace participation have had mixed results.[6]

Women in Japan obtained the right to vote in 1945.[7] While Japanese women's status has steadily improved in the decades since then, traditional expectations for married women and mothers are cited as a barrier to full economic equality.[8] The monarchy is strictly male-only and a princess has to resign her imperial title if she marries a commoner.

  1. ^ "Women in Parliaments: World Classification". www.ipu.org.
  2. ^ OECD. "LFS by sex and age - indicators". Stats.oecd.org. Retrieved 2019-08-04.
  3. ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  4. ^ "Global Gender Gap Report 2022" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference nytimes-soble was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Borovoy was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ "Birth of the Constitution of Japan - Chronological Table". National Diet Library, Japan. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Nohara was invoked but never defined (see the help page).