Slovak language

Slovak
slovenčina, slovenský jazyk
Pronunciation[ˈslɔʋentʂina], [ˈslɔʋenskiː ˈjazik]
Native toSlovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Carpathian Ruthenia and Vojvodina[1]
EthnicitySlovaks
SpeakersNative: 5 million (2011–2021)[2]
L2: 2 million[2]
Dialects
Latin (Slovak alphabet)
Slovak Braille
Official status
Official language in
 Slovakia
 European Union
 Vojvodina (Serbia)[3]
Recognised minority
language in
Regulated byMinistry of Culture of the Slovak Republic
Language codes
ISO 639-1sk
ISO 639-2slo (B)
slk (T)
ISO 639-3slk
Glottologslov1269
Linguasphere53-AAA-db < 53-AAA-b...–d
(varieties: 53-AAA-dba to 53-AAA-dbs)
The Slovak-speaking world:
  regions where Slovak is the language of the majority
  regions where Slovak is the language of a significant minority
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Slovak (/ˈslvæk, -vɑːk/ SLOH-va(h)k;[14][15] endonym: slovenčina [ˈslɔʋentʂina] or slovenský jazyk [ˈslɔʋenskiː ˈjazik]) is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script.[16] It is part of the Indo-European language family, and is one of the Slavic languages, which are part of the larger Balto-Slavic branch. Spoken by approximately 5 million people as a native language, primarily ethnic Slovaks, it serves as the official language of Slovakia and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union.

Slovak is closely related to Czech, to the point of very high mutual intelligibility,[17] as well as Polish.[18] Like other Slavic languages, Slovak is a fusional language with a complex system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin[19] and German,[20] as well as other Slavic languages.

  1. ^ "Autonomous Province of Vojvodina | Покрајинска влада". Archived from the original on 20 December 2017.
  2. ^ a b Slovak at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  3. ^ "Autonomous Province of Vojvodina". Government of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  4. ^ "Národnostní menšiny | Vláda ČR".
  5. ^ Pisarek, Walery (2009). The relationship between official and minority languages in Poland (PDF). 7th Annual Conference: The Relationship between Official Languages and Regional and Minority Languages in Europe. Dublin, Ireland: European Federation of National Institutions for Language. p. 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  6. ^ "Hungary needs to strengthen use of and access to minority languages". Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe. 14 December 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2020. The following languages have been given special protection under the European Charter [in Hungary]: Armenian, Beas, Bulgarian, Croatian, German, Greek, Polish, Romani, Romanian, Ruthenian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian and Ukrainian.
  7. ^ "Odluka o donošenju kurikuluma za nastavni predmet Slovački jezik i kultura u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Republici Hrvatskoj (Model C)".
  8. ^ "Slovaci".
  9. ^ "Pukanec".
  10. ^ "Slováci v Rumunsku".
  11. ^ https://www.edu.ro/semnarea-programului-de-cooperare-%C3%AEn-domeniul-educa%C8%9Biei-%C3%AEntre-ministerul-educa%C8%9Biei-na%C8%9Bionale-din-0
  12. ^ "Rumunsko".
  13. ^ "75 de ani de invatamant in limba slovaca". 16 September 2011.
  14. ^ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 9781405881180
  15. ^ Roach, Peter (2011), Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521152532
  16. ^ "Czech language". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  17. ^ Golubović, Jelena; Gooskens, Charlotte (2015). "Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages". Russian Linguistics. 39 (3): 351–373. doi:10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9.
  18. ^ Swan, Oscar E. (2002). A grammar of contemporary Polish. Bloomington, Ind.: Slavica. p. 5. ISBN 0893572969. OCLC 50064627.
  19. ^ Naughton, James (2002). "Czech Literature, 1774 to 1918". Babel - University of Oxford Modern Languages. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018.
  20. ^ http://slavic.ucla.edu/czech/czech-republic/ Archived 2017-10-11 at the Wayback Machine. University of California, Los Angeles