Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
Officials announcing the agreement
Created14 July 2015
RatifiedN/A (ratification not required)
Date effective
  • 18 October 2015 (adoption)[1]
  • 16 January 2016 (implementation)[2]
LocationVienna, Austria
SignatoriesCurrent
 China
 France
 Germany
 Iran
 Russia
 United Kingdom
 European Union

Withdrawn

 United States (2018)[3]
PurposeNuclear non-proliferation

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA; Persian: برنامه جامع اقدام مشترک, romanizedbarnāmeye jāme'e eqdāme moshtarak (برجام, BARJAM)),[4][5] commonly known as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal, is an agreement on the Iranian nuclear program reached in Vienna on July 14, 2015, between Iran and the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, United States—plus Germany)[a] together with the European Union.

Formal negotiations toward JCPOA began with the adoption of the Joint Plan of Action, an interim agreement signed between Iran and the P5+1 countries in November 2013. Iran and the P5+1 countries engaged in negotiations for the next 20 months and, in April 2015, agreed on an "Iran nuclear deal framework" for the final agreement. In July 2015, Iran and the P5+1 confirmed agreement on the plan, along with the "Roadmap Agreement" between Iran and the IAEA.[8]

The negotiations primarily centered around imposing restrictions on Iran's critical nuclear facilities, including the Arak IR-40 reactor, Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, Gachin Uranium Mine, Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant, Isfahan Uranium Conversion Plant, Natanz Uranium Enrichment Plant, and the Parchin Military Research complex.

The agreement was formally activated on 20 January 2014.[9] The United States ultimately withdrew from the pact in 2018.

  1. ^ "EU officially announces October 18 adoption day of JCPOA". Islamic Republic News Agency. 18 October 2015.
  2. ^ "UN chief welcomes implementation day under JCPOA". Islamic Republic News Agency. 17 January 2016.
  3. ^ Holpuch, Amanda (8 May 2018). "Donald Trump says US will no longer abide by Iran deal – as it happened". The Guardian.
  4. ^ pronounced [bæɾˈdʒɒːm]
  5. ^ "Zarif: We've never claimed nuclear deal only favors Iran". Tehran Times. 22 July 2015.
  6. ^ Joshua Keating, "You say P5+1, I say E3+3", Foreign Policy (30 September 2009).
  7. ^ Jeffrey Lewis, "E3/EU+3 or P5+1" Archived 11 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Arms Control Wonk (13 July 2015).
  8. ^ Daniel, Joyner (2016). Iran's nuclear program and international law : from confrontation to accord (First ed.). New York, NY. ISBN 9780190635718. OCLC 945169931.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference FinalDays was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).