Back Kondoom AF Kondom ALS عازل ذكري Arabic الواقى الذكرى ARZ কণ্ডম AS Preservativu AST Prezervativ AZ کاندوم AZB Kondom BAR Kondom BCL

Condom

This article is about the transmission barrier and contraceptive device. For other uses, see Condom (disambiguation).
This article is about external (male) condoms, mostly. For condoms used internally, see Internal condom.

Condom
A rolled-up condom
Background
Pronunciation/ˈkɒndəm/ or UK: /ˈkɒndɒm/
TypeBarrier
First useAncient[1]
Rubber: 1855[2]
Latex: 1920s[3]
Polyurethane: 1994
Polyisoprene: 2008
Pregnancy rates (first year, latex)
Perfect use2%[4]
Typical use18%[4]
Usage
ReversibilityYes
User remindersLatex condoms are damaged by oil-based lubricants[1]
Advantages and disadvantages
STI protectionYes[1]
BenefitsNo health care visits required and low cost[1]

A condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection (STI).[1] There are both external (male) and internal (female) condoms.[5]

The external (male) condom is rolled onto an erect penis before intercourse and works by forming a physical barrier which blocks semen from entering the body of a sexual partner.[1][6] External condoms are typically made from latex and, less commonly, from polyurethane, polyisoprene, or lamb intestine.[1] External condoms have the advantages of ease of use, ease of access, and few side effects.[1] Individuals with latex allergy should use condoms made from a material other than latex, such as polyurethane.[1] Internal condoms are typically made from polyurethane and may be used multiple times.[6]

With proper use—and use at every act of intercourse—women whose partners use external condoms experience a 2% per-year pregnancy rate.[1] With typical use, the rate of pregnancy is 18% per-year.[4] Their use greatly decreases the risk of gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, hepatitis B, and HIV/AIDS.[1] To a lesser extent, they also protect against genital herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), and syphilis.[1]

Condoms as a method of preventing STIs have been used since at least 1564.[1] Rubber condoms became available in 1855, followed by latex condoms in the 1920s.[2][3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] As of 2019, globally around 21% of those using birth control use the condom, making it the second-most common method after female sterilization (24%).[8] Rates of condom use are highest in East and Southeast Asia, Europe and North America.[8] About six to nine billion are sold a year.[citation needed]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Hatcher RA, MD AL (2007). Contraceptive Technology. Ardent Media. pp. 297–311. ISBN 978-1-59708-001-9. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017.
  2. ^ a b Allen MJ (2011). The Anthem Anthology of Victorian Sonnets. Anthem Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-84331-848-4.
  3. ^ a b McKibbin R (2000). Classes and Cultures: England 1918–1951. Oxford University Press. p. 305. ISBN 978-0-19-820855-6.
  4. ^ a b c Trussell J (2011). "Contraceptive efficacy" (PDF). In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Nelson AL, Cates W Jr, Kowal D, Policar MS (eds.). Contraceptive technology (20th revised ed.). New York: Ardent Media. pp. 779–863. ISBN 978-1-59708-004-0. ISSN 0091-9721. OCLC 781956734. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2013.
  5. ^ World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 372. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 978-92-4-154765-9.
  6. ^ a b Speroff L, Darney PD (2011). A Clinical Guide for Contraception. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 305–307. ISBN 978-1-60831-610-6. Archived from the original on 14 November 2016.
  7. ^ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
  8. ^ a b "Contraceptive Use by Method: data booklet" (PDF). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2021.