Khmer Republic

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Khmer Republic សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ (Khmer) Sathéarônârôdth Khmêr République khmère (French)
1970–1975
Flag Coat of arms
Motto:  សេរីភាព សមភាព ភាតរភាព វឌ្ឍនភាព និងសុភមង្គល (Khmer) Sériphéap, Sâmôphéap, Phéatârôphéap, Vôdthônôphéap nĭng Sŏphômôngkôl Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité, Progrès et Bonheur (French) "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, Progress and Happiness"
Anthem:  ដំណើរនៃសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ (Khmer) Dâmnaeur ney Sathéarônârôdth Khmêr Marche de la République khmère (French) "March of the Khmer Republic"
Location of the Khmer Republic
Capital and largest city	Phnom Penh
Official languages	Khmer French
Religion	Buddhism (official)[1]
Demonym(s)	Cambodian Khmer
Government	Unitary presidential constitutional republic (de jure)[2] Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic under a military dictatorship (de facto)
President
• 1970–1972	Cheng Heng
• 1972–1975	Lon Nol
• 1975	Saukam Khoy (acting)
• 1975	Sak Sutsakhan[a]
Prime Minister
• 1970–1971	Lon Nol
• 1971–1972	Sisowath Sirik Matak
• 1972	Sơn Ngọc Thành
• 1972–1973	Hang Thun Hak
• 1973	In Tam
• 1973–1975	Long Boret
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	National Assembly
Historical era	Cold War, Cambodian Civil War
• Coup d'état	18 March 1970
• Republic proclaimed	9 October 1970
• Constitution	12 May 1972
• Fall of Phnom Penh	17 April 1975
Population
• 1975[3]	7,952,000–8,102,000
Currency	Riel (៛) (KHR)
Time zone	UTC+07:00 (ICT)
Date format	dd/mm/yyyy
Driving side	right
ISO 3166 code	KH
Preceded by Succeeded by Kingdom of Cambodia Kampuchea GRUNK
Today part of	Cambodia

Part of a series on the
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Funan Chenla Khmer Empire Angkor Khmer–Cham wars Đại Việt–Khmer War
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This article contains Khmer text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Khmer script.

The Khmer Republic (Khmer: សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ, Sathéarônârôdth Khmêr; French: République khmère) was a Cambodian state under the United States-backed military dictatorship of Marshal Lon Nol from 1970 to 1975. Its establishment was formally declared on 9 October 1970, following the 18 March 1970 coup d'état which saw the overthrow of Norodom Sihanouk's government and the abolishment of the Cambodian monarchy.

The main cause of the coup was Norodom Sihanouk's tolerance of North Vietnamese military activity within Cambodia's borders; Vietnamese communist forces had gained de facto control over vast areas of eastern Cambodia as a result. Another important factor was the dire state of the Cambodian economy, an indirect result of Sihanouk's policies of pursuing neutrality.^{[4][page needed]}

With the removal of Sihanouk, the existing Kingdom of Cambodia became a republic, officially removing Sisowath Kossamak. The character of the new regime was far-right and militaristic;^[5] most significantly, it ended Sihanouk's period of covert co-operation with the North Vietnamese regime and the Viet Cong, and aligned Cambodia with South Vietnam in the ongoing Second Indochina War. The Khmer Republic was opposed within the Cambodian borders by the National United Front of Kampuchea (Front uni national de Kampuchéa, FUNK), a relatively broad alliance between Sihanouk, his supporters, and the Communist Party of Kampuchea.

The insurgency itself was conducted by the CPNLAF, the Cambodian People's National Liberation Armed Forces: they were backed by both the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the National Liberation Front (NLF, better known as the Viet Cong), who occupied parts of Cambodia as part of their ongoing war with the South Vietnamese government.

Despite the large quantities of military and financial aid from the United States, the Khmer National Armed Forces (Forces armées nationales khmères, or FANK) were poorly trained and unable to defeat either the CPNLAF or the Vietnamese forces of the PAVN and NLF. The Republic eventually fell on 17 April 1975, when the Khmer Rouge took Phnom Penh and briefly restored the Kingdom of Cambodia before renaming itself Democratic Kampuchea on 5 January 1976.

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