Rotterdam

Rotterdam
Rotterdam at dusk
Rotterdam at dusk
City Hall of Rotterdam
City Hall of Rotterdam
Schieland House
Schieland House
Historic town centre of Delfshaven
Historic town centre of Delfshaven
Nickname(s): 
Rotown, Roffa, Rotjeknor, Nultien, 010
Motto: 
Sterker door strijd (Stronger through effort)
Highlighted position of Rotterdam in a municipal map of South Holland
Location in South Holland
Rotterdam is located in South Holland
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam is located in Netherlands
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam is located in Europe
Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Coordinates: 51°55′N 4°29′E / 51.92°N 4.48°E / 51.92; 4.48
CountryNetherlands
ProvinceSouth Holland
Districts
Government
 • BodyMunicipal council
 • MayorAhmed Aboutaleb (PvdA)
 • Aldermen
List
  • Robert Simons (LR)
  • Ronald Buijt (LR)
  • Maarten Struijvenberg (LR)
  • Vincent Karremans (VVD)
  • Tim Versnel (VVD)
  • Chantal Zeegers (D66)
  • Said Kasmi (D66)
  • Faouzi Achbar (DENK)
  • Natasha Mohamed-Hoesein (DENK)
Area
 • Municipality324.14 km2 (125.15 sq mi)
 • Land217.55 km2 (84.00 sq mi)
 • Water106.59 km2 (41.15 sq mi)
 • Randstad3,043 km2 (1,175 sq mi)
Population
 (1 January 2023)[3][5][6]
 • Municipality664,311
 • Density2,995/km2 (7,760/sq mi)
 • Urban
1,273,385
 • Metro
2,390,101 [a]
 • Randstad
8,366,078
DemonymRotterdammer
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postcode
3000–3099
Area code010
Websiterotterdam.nl (in Dutch)
Map
Click on the map for a fullscreen view
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Rotterdam (/ˈrɒtərdæm/ ROT-ər-dam, UK also /ˌrɒtərˈdæm/ ROT-ər-DAM,[8][9] Dutch: [ˌrɔtərˈdɑm] ; lit. "The Dam on the River Rotte") is the second-largest city in the Netherlands after the national capital of Amsterdam. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the "New Meuse" inland shipping channel, dug to connect to the Meuse at first and now to the Rhine.

Rotterdam's history goes back to 1270, when a dam was constructed in the Rotte. In 1340, Rotterdam was granted city rights by William IV, Count of Holland. The Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area, with a population of approximately 2.7 million, is the 10th-largest in the European Union and the most populous in the country.

A major logistic and economic centre, Rotterdam is Europe's largest seaport. In 2022, Rotterdam had a population of 655,468 and is home to over 180 different nationalities.[10]

Rotterdam is known for its university, riverside setting, lively cultural life, maritime heritage and modern architecture. The near-complete destruction of the city centre in the World War II Rotterdam Blitz has resulted in a varied architectural landscape, including skyscrapers designed by architects such as Rem Koolhaas, Piet Blom and Ben van Berkel.[11][12]

The Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt give waterway access into the heart of Western Europe, including the highly industrialized Ruhr. The extensive distribution system including rail, roads, and waterways have earned Rotterdam the nicknames "Gateway to Europe" and "Gateway to the World".[13][14][15]

  1. ^ "College van b en w" [Board of mayor and aldermen] (in Dutch). Gemeente Rotterdam. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  2. ^ "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020" [Key figures for neighbourhoods 2020]. StatLine (in Dutch). CBS. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  3. ^ a b Anita Bouman–Eijs; Thijmen van Bree; Wouter Jonkhoff; Olaf Koops; Walter Manshanden; Elmer Rietveld (17 December 2012). De Top 20 van Europese grootstedelijke regio's 1995–2011; Randstad Holland in internationaal perspectief [Top 20 of European metropolitan regions 1995–2011; Randstad Holland compared internationally] (PDF) (Technical report) (in Dutch). Delft: TNO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  4. ^ "Over de Metropoolregio Rotterdam Den Haag". MRDH.nl. 2014. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014. De Metropoolregio Rotterdam Den Haag is het gebied dat nu de huidige stadregio's Rotterdam en Haaglanden omvat. Binnen dat gebied gaan de 24 gemeenten hun krachten bundelen in het samenwerkingsverband Metropoolregio Rotterdam Den Haag om de internationale concurrentiepositie van de regio te versterken. De Metropoolregio regio heeft 2,2 miljoen inwoners.
  5. ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 1 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  6. ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; Regionale kerncijfers Nederland" [Regional core figures Netherlands]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 1 January 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  7. ^ "Postcodetool for 3011AD". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
  8. ^ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 9781405881180
  9. ^ Roach, Peter (2011), Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521152532
  10. ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand". CBS StatLine (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 July 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
    8,219,380 Randstad
    2,620,000 Rotterdam-The Hague Metro
    1,160,000 Rotterdam Urban
       651,446 Rotterdam Municipality
  11. ^ "Top 10 Cities : The Rough Guide to 2014". Rough Guides. 9 March 2015. Archived from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2015.
  12. ^ "Urbanism Awards: Rotterdam takes top prize". Academy of Urbanism. 14 November 2014. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  13. ^ Jan Walburg (1 August 1984). The port of Rotterdam: Gateway to Europe.
  14. ^ Royal van Gorcum (1999). Dutch Culture in a European Perspective: 1950, prosperity and welfare. "Rotterdam port: Gateway to Europe" (p.151)
  15. ^ "Gateway to the world: how EU helped Rotterdam to become Europe's largest port | News | European Parliament". europarl.europa.eu. 21 February 2014. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2020.


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