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Palestine Liberation Organization

"PLO" redirects here. For other uses, see PLO (disambiguation).

Palestine Liberation Organization
منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية
Munaẓẓamat at-Taḥrīr al-Filasṭīniyyahⓘ
AbbreviationPLO
ChairmanMahmoud Abbas
Founded28 May 1964[1]
HeadquartersAl-Bireh, West Bank[2][3]
Ideology
Political positionLeft-wing
International affiliationUnited Nations non-member observer
Members
AnthemFida'i[13]
Palestinian Legislative Council
50 / 132
Website
http://www.plo.ps/en
Politics of Palestine
Officeholders whose status is disputed are shown in italics

Arab League Member state of the Arab League

Government
National symbols
Legislative Council
Elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
flag Palestine portal

The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; Arabic: منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية Munaẓẓamat at-Taḥrīr al-Filasṭīniyyah) is a Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinian people.[14][15] Founded in 1964, it initially sought to establish an Arab state over the entire territory of the former Mandatory Palestine, advocating the elimination of the State of Israel. However, in 1993, the PLO recognized Israeli sovereignty with the Oslo I Accord, and now only seeks Arab statehood in the Palestinian territories (the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) that have been militarily occupied by Israel since the 1967 Arab–Israeli War.

It is headquartered in Al-Bireh, a city in the West Bank. As the officially recognized government of the de jure State of Palestine, it has enjoyed United Nations observer status since 1974.[16][17][18] Prior to the Oslo Accords, the PLO's militant wings openly engaged in acts of violence against Israeli civilians, both within Israel and outside of Israel.[19][20][21] Consequently, the United States designated it as a terrorist group in 1987, though a presidential waiver has permitted American–PLO contact since 1988.[22][23] Mediated talks between the Israeli government and the PLO in 1993 (the Oslo I Accord) resulted in the PLO recognizing Israel's right to exist in peace and accepting United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, while Israel recognized the PLO as a legitimate authority representing the Palestinian people.[24] Despite the Israel–PLO Letters of Mutual Recognition, in which PLO leader Yasser Arafat renounced "terrorism and other acts of violence" against Israel, the PLO continued to engage in militant activities, particularly during the Second Intifada (2000–2005). On 29 October 2018, the PLO Central Council suspended the Palestinian recognition of Israel, and subsequently halted all forms of security and economic cooperation with Israeli authorities until Israel recognizes a Palestinian state on the pre-1967 borders.[25][26]

  1. ^ "Arabs Create Organization For Recovery of Palestine". The New York Times. Reuters. 29 May 1964. The creation of Palestine liberation organization was announced today...
  2. ^ Sawafta, Ali (30 November 2010). "In West Bank, Ramallah looks ever more like capital". Reuters.
  3. ^ Toameh, Khaled Abu (24 November 2010). "Abbas: Referendum law is 'obstacle to peace'". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  4. ^ Szekely, Ora (26 November 2016). The Politics of Militant Group Survival in the Middle East: Resources, Relationships, and Resistance. Springer. p. 51. ISBN 978-3-319-40141-6.
  5. ^ Spyer, Jonathan (1 January 2011). The Transforming Fire: The Rise of the Israel-Islamist Conflict. A&C Black. p. 23. ISBN 978-1-4411-6663-0.
  6. ^ "Quién fue Yasser Arafat?". 17 March 2019.
  7. ^ Grafton, David D. (16 March 2009). Piety, Politics, and Power: Lutherans Encountering Islam in the Middle East. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 222. ISBN 978-1-63087-718-7.
  8. ^ "Rewriting history, Abbas calls Israel a 'colonial project' unrelated to Judaism". The Times of Israel.
  9. ^ "Jailed PFLP Leader: Only a One-state Solution Is Possible". Haaretz. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  10. ^ "Jailed PFLP Leader: Only a One-state Solution Is Possible". Haaretz. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  11. ^ Rubenberg, Cheryl (2003). The Palestinians: In Search of a Just Peace. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-58826-225-7.
  12. ^ Rubenberg, Cheryl (2003). The Palestinians: In Search of a Just Peace. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-58826-225-7.
  13. ^ "Palestine". National Anthems.
  14. ^ Al-Madfai, Madiha Rashid (1993). Jordan, the United States and the Middle East Peace Process, 1974–1991. Cambridge Middle East Library, Cambridge University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-521-41523-1. On 28 October 1974, the seventh Arab summit conference held in Rabat designated the PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people and reaffirmed their right to establish an independent state of urgency.
  15. ^ Geldenhuys, Deon (1990). Isolated states: a comparative analysis. Cambridge University Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-521-40268-2. The organisation has also been recognized as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people by well over 100 states ...
  16. ^ United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3210. "Invites the Palestine Liberation Organization, the representative of the Palestinian people, to participate in the deliberations of the General Assembly on the question of Palestine in plenary meetings."
  17. ^ United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3236. "Having heard the statement of the Palestine Liberation Organization, the representative of the Palestinian people, ..."
  18. ^ United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3237
  19. ^ Beyer, Lisa (12 November 2004). "Arafat: A Life in Retrospect". Time. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  20. ^ "PLO to Limit Attacks, Arafat Says". The Los Angeles Times. 17 October 2000. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  21. ^ "Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) | Palestinian political organization". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  22. ^ 22 U.S.C. § 5201: Findings; determinations
  23. ^ Ehrenfeld, Rachel (2003). "The Palestinians". Funding Evil, How Terrorism Is Financed – and How to Stop It (PDF) (preview chapter). Bonus Books. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2011. Retrieved 27 October 2023 – via Funding for Peace Coalition.
  24. ^ Murphy, Kim (10 September 1993). "Israel and PLO, in Historic Bid for Peace, Agree to Mutual Recognition". The Los Angeles Times.
  25. ^ Mustafa, Rami (29 October 2018). المجلس المركزي الفلسطيني يعلن تعليق الاعتراف بدولة إسرائيل [The Palestinian Central Council announces the suspension of recognition of the State of Israel]. El Watan.
  26. ^ "Palestinian Central Council suspends recognition of Israel". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2 November 2023.