Slavery in China

Slavery in China has taken various forms throughout history. Slavery was nominally abolished in 1910,[1][2][3] although the practice continued until at least 1949.[4] The Chinese term for slave (nuli) can also be roughly translated into 'debtor', 'dependent', or 'subject'. Despite a few attempts to ban it, slavery existed continuously throughout pre-modern China, sometimes serving a key role in politics, economics, and historical events. However slaves in China were a very small part of the population due to a large peasant population that mitigated the need for large scale slave labor. The slave population included war prisoners and kidnapped victims or people who had been sold.[5]: 145–147 [6]

  1. ^ Hallet, Nicole. "China and Antislavery Archived 2014-08-17 at the Wayback Machine". Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition, Vol. 1, p. 154 – 156. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. ISBN 0-313-33143-X.
  2. ^ Gang Zhou. Man and Land in Chinese History: an Economic Analysis Archived 12 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, p. 158. Stanford University Press (Stanford), 1986. ISBN 0-8047-1271-9.
  3. ^ Huang, Philip C. Code, Custom, and Legal Practice in China: the Qing and the Republic Compared Archived 17 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine, p. 17. Stanford University Press (Stanford), 2001. ISBN 0-8047-4110-7.
  4. ^ Rodriguez, Junius. "China, Late Imperial Archived 2014-08-17 at the Wayback Machine". The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery, Vol. 1, p. 146. ABC-CLIO, 1997. ISBN 0-87436-885-5.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference medieval was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Schottenhammer, Angela (1 August 2003). "Slaves and Forms of Slavery in Late Imperial China (Seventeenth to Early Twentieth Centuries)". Slavery & Abolition. 24 (2): 143–154. doi:10.1080/01440390308559161. ISSN 0144-039X. S2CID 143643161.