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 NHCP Marker in Pugad Lawin Shrine | |
| Native name | Sigaw ng Pugad Lawin |
|---|---|
| Date | August 23, 1896 (exact date disputed) |
| Venue | Province of Manila, Captaincy General of the Philippines, exact location uncertain. See here for more info. |
| Organised by |  Katipunan |
| Outcome | Start of the Philippine Revolution
|
The Cry of Pugad Lawin (Filipino: Sigaw ng Pugad Lawin, Spanish: Grito de Pugad Lawin) was the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire.[1]
In late August 1896, members of the Katipunan led by Andrés Bonifacio revolted somewhere around Caloocan, which included parts of the present-day Quezon City.[2][3]
Originally the term cry referred to the first clash between the Katipuneros and the Civil Guards (Guardia Civil). The cry could also refer to the tearing up of community tax certificates (cédulas personales) in defiance of their allegiance to Spain. This was literally accompanied by patriotic shouts.[4]
Because accounts of the event vary, the exact date and place of the event is unknown.[3][4] From 1908 until 1963, the event was thought to have occurred on August 26 in Balintawak. In 1963, the Philippine government declared August 23 to be the date of the event in Quezon City.[5][4]
- ^ Sichrovsky, Harry. "An Austrian Life for the Philippines:The Cry of Balintawak". Retrieved August 29, 2009.
- ^ Ocampo, Ambeth R. (1995). Bonifacio's bolo. Anvil Pub. p. 8. ISBN 978-971-27-0418-5.
- ^ a b Guerrero, Milagros; Encarnacion, Emmanuel; Villegas, Ramon (1996), "Balintawak: the Cry for a Nationwide Revolution", Sulyap Kultura, 1 (2), National Commission for Culture and the Arts: 13–22.
- ^ a b c Borromeo-Buehler, Soledad M. (1998), The cry of Balintawak: a contrived controversy : a textual analysis with appended documents, Ateneo de Manila University Press, ISBN 978-971-550-278-8.
- ^ "Proclamation No. 149, s. 1963". Official Gazette of the Philippine Government. August 22, 1963.