Liniment (from Latin: linere, meaning "to anoint"), or embrocation, is a medicated topical preparation for application to the skin. Sometimes called a heat rub, a liniment may have viscosity similar to that of water, or may be formulated as a lotion or balm and are usually rubbed on skin to allow penetration of the active ingredients. Patches, sticks, and sprays are also available.
Liniments are typically sold to relieve pain and stiffness, such as from sore muscular aches and strains, or arthritis. These are typically formulated from alcohol, acetone, or similar quickly evaporating solvents and contain counterirritant aromatic chemical compounds such as methyl salicilate, benzoin resin, menthol, or capsaicin. They produce a feeling of warmth within the muscle of the area they are applied to, typically acting as rubefacients via a counterirritant effect.
Methyl salicylate, which is the active analgesic ingredient in some heat-rub products, can be toxic if used in excess. Heating pads are also not recommended for use with heat rubs, as the added warmth may cause overabsorption of the active ingredients.