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Recreational use of nitrous oxide

Food grade N
2
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charger (bottom right), cracker (top right) and balloon
3 liter can of recreational nitrous oxide to fill up balloons.

Nitrous oxide (street name nangs, hippy crack, whippets, whippits or cannies) is a gas which can induce euphoria, hallucinogenic states and relaxation when inhaled.[1] Nitrous oxide is a neurotoxin and excessive use can cause long-term neurological damage.[2][3]

First recorded in the 18th century at upper-class "laughing gas parties", the experience was largely limited to medical students until the late 20th century when laws limiting access to the gas were loosened to supply dentists and hospitals. By the 2010s, nitrous oxide had become a moderately popular recreational drug in some countries.[4]

Increasing recreational use has become a public health concern internationally due to the potential for long-term neurological damage following excessive use.[1][2] Recreational users are often unaware of the risks associated with excessive use.[5] Possession of nitrous oxide is legal in many countries, although some have criminalised supplying it for recreational purposes.

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference xiang was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b van Amsterdam JG, Nabben T, van den Brink W (2022). "Increasing recreational nitrous oxide use: Should we worry? A narrative review". J Psychopharmacol. 36 (8): 943–950. doi:10.1177/02698811221082442. PMID 35678512.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference nangs was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Quax, Marcel L. J.; Van Der Steenhoven, Timothy J.; Bronkhorst, Martinus W. G. A.; Emmink, Benjamin L. (July 2020). "Frostbite injury: An unknown risk when using nitrous oxide as a party drug". Acta Chirurgica Belgica. 120 (1–4). Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Royal Belgian Society for Surgery: 140–143. doi:10.1080/00015458.2020.1782160. ISSN 0001-5458. PMID 32543291. S2CID 219702849.
  5. ^ Allan J, Cameron J, Bruno J (2022). "A systematic review of recreational nitrous oxide use: implications for policy, service delivery and individuals". Int J Environ Res Public Health. 19 (18): 11567. doi:10.3390/ijerph191811567. PMC 9517250. PMID 36141850.