Location-based service

Location-based service (LBS) is a general term denoting software services which use geographic data and information to provide services or information to users.^[1] LBS can be used in a variety of contexts, such as health, indoor object search,^[2] entertainment,^[3] work, personal life, etc.^[4] Commonly used examples of location-based services include navigation software, social networking services, location-based advertising, and tracking systems.^[5] LBS can also include mobile commerce when taking the form of coupons or advertising directed at customers based on their current location. LBS also includes personalized weather services and even location-based games.

LBS is critical to many businesses as well as government organizations to drive real insight from data tied to a specific location where activities take place. The spatial patterns that location-related data and services can provide is one of its most powerful and useful aspects where location is a common denominator in all of these activities and can be leveraged to better understand patterns and relationships. Banking, surveillance, online commerce, and many weapon systems are dependent on LBS.

Access policies are controlled by location data or time-of-day constraints, or a combination thereof. As such, an LBS is an information service and has a number of uses in social networking today as information, in entertainment or security, which is accessible with mobile devices through the mobile network and which uses information on the geographical position of the mobile device.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

This concept of location-based systems is not compliant with the standardized concept of real-time locating systems (RTLS) and related local services, as noted in ISO/IEC 19762-5^[10] and ISO/IEC 24730-1.^[11] While networked computing devices generally do very well to inform consumers of days old data, the computing devices themselves can also be tracked, even in real-time. LBS privacy issues arise in that context, and are documented below.

^ Schiller, Jochen; Voisard, Agnès (2004-05-21). Location-Based Services. Elsevier. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-08-049172-1.
^ B. Guo, S. Satake, M. Imai. Home-Explorer: Ontology-based Physical Artifact Search and Hidden Object Detection System Archived 2011-09-04 at the Wayback Machine. Mobile Information Systems, Vol. 4 No.2 (2008), 81–103, IOS Press, 2008.
^ B. Guo; R. Fujimura; D. Zhang; M. Imai (2011). "Design-in-Play: Improving the Variability of Indoor Pervasive Games". Multimedia Tools and Applications. 59: 259–277. doi:10.1007/s11042-010-0711-z. S2CID 9008319.
^ Deuker, André (2008). "Del 11.2: Mobility and LBS". FIDIS Deliverables. 11 (2).
^ Gartner, Georg; Huang, Haosheng (2014-11-05). Progress in Location-Based Services 2014. Springer. p. 274. ISBN 978-3-319-11879-6.
^ Quercia, Daniele; Lathia, Neal; Calabrese, Francesco; Di Lorenzo, Giusy; Crowcroft, Jon (2010). Recommending Social Events from Mobile Phone Location Data (PDF). 2010 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining. p. 971. doi:10.1109/ICDM.2010.152. ISBN 978-1-4244-9131-5.
^ "Foundations of Location Based Services", Stefan Steiniger, Moritz Neun and Alistair Edwardes, University of Zurich
^ "Permanent Reference Document SE.23: Location Based Services" Archived 2009-12-31 at the Wayback Machine, GSM Association
^ Shu Wang, Jungwon Min & Byung K. Yi. "Location Based Services for Mobiles: Technologies and Standards" (PDF). IEEE International Conference on Communication (ICC) 2008, Beijing, China.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ ISO/IEC 19762-5 Information technology – Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques – Harmonized vocabulary – Part 5: Locating systems
^ ISO/IEC 24730-1 Information technology – Real-time locating systems (RTLS) – Part 1: Application program interface (API)

[1] Schiller, Jochen; Voisard, Agnès (2004-05-21). Location-Based Services. Elsevier. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-08-049172-1.

[2] B. Guo, S. Satake, M. Imai. Home-Explorer: Ontology-based Physical Artifact Search and Hidden Object Detection System Archived 2011-09-04 at the Wayback Machine. Mobile Information Systems, Vol. 4 No.2 (2008), 81–103, IOS Press, 2008.

[3] B. Guo; R. Fujimura; D. Zhang; M. Imai (2011). "Design-in-Play: Improving the Variability of Indoor Pervasive Games". Multimedia Tools and Applications. 59: 259–277. doi:10.1007/s11042-010-0711-z. S2CID 9008319.

[4] Deuker, André (2008). "Del 11.2: Mobility and LBS". FIDIS Deliverables. 11 (2).

[5] Gartner, Georg; Huang, Haosheng (2014-11-05). Progress in Location-Based Services 2014. Springer. p. 274. ISBN 978-3-319-11879-6.

[qr10-6] Quercia, Daniele; Lathia, Neal; Calabrese, Francesco; Di Lorenzo, Giusy; Crowcroft, Jon (2010). Recommending Social Events from Mobile Phone Location Data (PDF). 2010 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining. p. 971. doi:10.1109/ICDM.2010.152. ISBN 978-1-4244-9131-5.

[sst-7] "Foundations of Location Based Services", Stefan Steiniger, Moritz Neun and Alistair Edwardes, University of Zurich

[8] "Permanent Reference Document SE.23: Location Based Services" Archived 2009-12-31 at the Wayback Machine, GSM Association

[shuwang-9] Shu Wang, Jungwon Min & Byung K. Yi. "Location Based Services for Mobiles: Technologies and Standards" (PDF). IEEE International Conference on Communication (ICC) 2008, Beijing, China.^{[permanent dead link]}

[10] ISO/IEC 19762-5 Information technology – Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques – Harmonized vocabulary – Part 5: Locating systems

[11] ISO/IEC 24730-1 Information technology – Real-time locating systems (RTLS) – Part 1: Application program interface (API)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]