Back Genitale vrat AF ثؤلول تناسلي Arabic Генитална брадавица Bulgarian Condiloma acuminat Catalan Genitální bradavice Czech Kønsvorter Danish Condylomata acuminata German ޖެނިޓަލް ވޯރޓްސް DV Κονδυλώματα πρωκτού Greek Verruga genital Spanish

Genital wart

Genital warts
Other namesCondylomata acuminata, venereal warts, anal warts, anogenital warts
Severe case of genital warts around the anus of a female
SpecialtyInfectious disease[1]
SymptomsSmall bumps in skin of genital area, varying sizes and shapes but typically protrude out, burning, itch[2][3]
Usual onset1-8 months following exposure[4]
CausesHPV types 6 and 11[5]
Diagnostic methodBased on symptoms, can be confirmed by biopsy[5]
Differential diagnosisMolluscum contagiosum, skin tags, condyloma latum, squamous cell carcinoma[3]
PreventionHPV vaccine, condoms[4][6]
TreatmentMedications, cryotherapy, surgery[5]
MedicationPodophyllin, imiquimod, trichloroacetic acid[5]
Frequency~1% (US)[4]

Genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV).[1] They may be flat or project out from the surface of the skin, and their color may vary; brownish, white, pale yellow, pinkish-red, or gray.[1][2][3] There may be a few individual warts or several, either in a cluster or merged together to look cauliflower-shaped.[2][7] They can be itchy and feel burning.[2] Usually they cause few symptoms, but can occasionally be painful.[5] Typically they appear one to eight months following exposure.[4] Warts are the most easily recognized symptom of genital HPV infection.[4]

HPV types 6 and 11 are responsible for causing majority of genital warts whereas HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35 are also occasionally found.[5] It is spread through direct skin-to-skin contact, usually during oral, manual, vaginal, or anal sex with an infected partner.[4][8] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and can be confirmed by biopsy.[5] The types of HPV that cause cancer are not the same as those that cause warts.[9]

Some HPV vaccines can prevent genital warts as may condoms.[4][6] Treatment options include creams such as podophyllin, imiquimod, and trichloroacetic acid.[5] Cryotherapy or surgery may also be an option.[5] After treatment warts often resolve within six months.[4] Without treatment, in up to a third of cases they resolve on their own.[4]

About 1% of people in the United States have genital warts.[4] Many people, however, are infected and do not have symptoms.[4] Without vaccination nearly all sexually active people will get some type of HPV at one point in their lives.[9][10] The disease has been known at least since the time of Hippocrates in 300 BC.[11]

  1. ^ a b c James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "19. Viral diseases: genital warts". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 406–410. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6.
  2. ^ a b c d Tripathi, Anuj; Sahu, Utkarsha (2022). "1. An overview of HPV: causes, symptoms, and clinical manifestations". In Khare, Prashant; Jain, Ashish (eds.). Immunopathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of HPV induced Malignancies. London: Elsevier. pp. 1–13. ISBN 978-0-323-98644-1.
  3. ^ a b c Ferri, Fred F. (2018). "1. Diseases and disorders". Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018. Philadelphia: Elsevier. p. 1376. ISBN 9780323529570.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Juckett, G; Hartman-Adams, H (Nov 15, 2010). "Human papillomavirus: clinical manifestations and prevention". American Family Physician. 82 (10): 1209–13. PMID 21121531.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i "CDC - Genital Warts - 2010 STD Treatment Guidelines". www.cdc.gov. 28 January 2011. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  6. ^ a b "Genital warts". NHS. 21 August 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  7. ^ Madoff, Robert D.; Melton-Meax, Genevieve B. (2020). "136. Diseases of the rectum and anus: anal warts". In Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew I. (eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Vol. 1 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. p. 938. ISBN 978-0-323-55087-1.
  8. ^ Hoyle, Alice; McGeeney, Ester (2019). Great Relationships and Sex Education. Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1-35118-825-8. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
  9. ^ a b US National Cancer Institute. "HPV and Cancer". Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  10. ^ US Centers for Disease Control. "Genital HPV Infection - Fact Sheet". Retrieved 16 November 2017.
  11. ^ Syrjänen, Kari J.; Syrjänen, Stina M. (2000). Papillomavirus infections in human pathology. Chichester [u.a.]: Wiley. p. 1. ISBN 9780471971689.