Ideal gas law

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The ideal gas law, also called the general gas equation, is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation of the behavior of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations. It was first stated by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 as a combination of the empirical Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, and Gay-Lussac's law.^[1] The ideal gas law is often written in an empirical form:

where ${\displaystyle p}$, ${\displaystyle V}$ and ${\displaystyle T}$ are the pressure, volume and temperature respectively; ${\displaystyle n}$ is the amount of substance; and ${\displaystyle R}$ is the ideal gas constant. It can also be derived from the microscopic kinetic theory, as was achieved (apparently independently) by August Krönig in 1856^[2] and Rudolf Clausius in 1857.^[3]