Vienna

Vienna
Wien (German)
Wean (Bavarian)
Capital city, federal state and municipality
Flag of Vienna
Official seal of Vienna
Map of Vienna
Map of Vienna
Vienna is located in Austria
Vienna
Vienna
Location within Austria
Vienna is located in Europe
Vienna
Vienna
Location within Europe
Coordinates: 48°12′30″N 16°22′21″E / 48.20833°N 16.37250°E / 48.20833; 16.37250
CountryAustria
Federal stateVienna
Government
 • BodyState and Municipality
 • Mayor and GovernorMichael Ludwig (SPÖ)
Area
 • Capital city, federal state and municipality414.78 km2 (160.15 sq mi)
 • Land395.25 km2 (152.61 sq mi)
 • Water19.39 km2 (7.49 sq mi)
Elevation
151 (Lobau) – 542 (Hermannskogel) m (495–1,778 ft)
Population
2,002,821[3]
 • Rank10th in Europe
1st in Austria
 • Density4,326.1/km2 (11,205/sq mi)
 • Urban
2,223,236 ("Kernzone")[2]
 • Metro
2,890,577
 • Ethnicity[4]
Demonym(s)German: Wiener (m), Wienerin (f)
Viennese
GDP
 • City€101.960 billion (2021)
 • Per capita€53,000 (2021) (2nd)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
ISO 3166 codeAT-9
Vehicle registrationW
HDI (2019)0.947[7]
very high · 1st of 9
Seats in the Federal Council
11 / 61
GeoTLD.wien
Websitewien.gv.at (in German)

Official nameHistoric Centre of Vienna
TypeCultural
Criteriaii, iv, vi
Designated2001 (25th session)
Reference no.1033
UNESCO RegionEurope and North America
Endangered2017 (2017)–present[8]

Vienna (/viˈɛnə/ vee-EN;[9][10] German: Wien [viːn] ; Austro-Bavarian: Wean [veɐ̯n]) is the capital, largest city, and one of nine federal states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's most populous city and its primate city, with about two million inhabitants[3][11] (2.9 million within the metropolitan area,[12] nearly one-third of the country's population), and its cultural, economic, and political center. It is the fifth-largest city proper by population in the European Union and the largest of all cities on the Danube river by population.

The city lies on the eastern edge of the Vienna Woods (Wienerwald)—the northeasternmost foothills of the Alps, that separate Vienna from the more western parts of Austria—at the transition to the Pannonian Basin. It sits on the Danube, and is also traversed by the highly regulated Wienfluss (Vienna River). Vienna is completely surrounded by Lower Austria, and lies around 50 km (31 mi) west of Slovakia and its capital Bratislava, 60 km (37 mi) northwest of Hungary, and 60 km (37 mi) south of Moravia (Czech Republic).

The once Celtic settlement of Vedunia was converted by the Romans into the castrum and canaba Vindobona (province of Pannonia) in the 1st century, and was elevated to a municipium with Roman city rights in 212. This was followed by a time in the sphere of influece of the Lombards and later the Pannonian Avars, when Slavs formed the majority of the region's population.[a] From the 8th century on, the region was settled by the Baiuvarii. In 976, the Babenbergs established the Margraviate of Austria. In 1221, Vienna was granted city rights by Leopold VI. The reign of the Habsburgs started in 1278. In 1558, Vienna became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire, which it remained until 1806.[b] It was the capital of the Austrian Empire from 1804 to 1867, and of the Cisleithanian part of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918, and subsequently became the capital of Austria.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, Vienna was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had two million inhabitants.[13] Today, it is the second-largest German-speaking city after Berlin.[14][15] Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations, OPEC and the OSCE. In 2001, the city center was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In July 2017 it was moved to the list of World Heritage in Danger.[16]

Vienna has been called the "City of Music"[17] due to its musical legacy, as many famous classical musicians such as Beethoven, Brahms, Haydn, Mahler, Mozart, Schoenberg, Schubert, Johann Strauss I and Johann Strauss II lived and worked there.[18] It played a pivotal role as a leading European music center, from the age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. Vienna was home to the world's first psychoanalyst, Sigmund Freud.[19] The historic center of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque palaces and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstraße lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.[20]

  1. ^ "Dauersiedlungsraum der Gemeinden, Politischen Bezirke und Bundesländer, Gebietsstand 1.1.2019". Retrieved 9 November 2019.
  2. ^ "Bevölkerung Stadtregion Wien". stadtregionen.at (in German). Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  3. ^ a b "Bevölkerung zu Jahres-/Quartalsanfang" [Population at beginning of year/quarter] (in German). Statistik Austria. 8 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  4. ^ Becoming a Minority Project. "Vienna – BAM – Becoming a Minority". bamproject.eu. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  5. ^ "Basisdaten Bundesländer" (PDF). Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  6. ^ "Postlexikon". Post AG. 2018. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  7. ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 29 July 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  8. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Historic Centre of Vienna inscribed on List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  9. ^ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0
  10. ^ Roach, Peter (2011), Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-15253-2
  11. ^ "Bevölkerung zu Jahres-/Quartalsanfang" [Population at the beginning of the year/quarter]. Statistik Austria. 1 April 2022. Archived from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  12. ^ "Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and metropolitan regions". Eurostat. 4 May 2022. Archived from the original on 24 November 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  13. ^ "Vienna after the war" Archived 15 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, 29 December 1918 (PDF)
  14. ^ "Wien nun zweitgrößte deutschsprachige Stadt | touch.ots.at". Archived from the original on 20 July 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  15. ^ "Ergebnisse Zensus 2011" (in German). Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder. 31 May 2013. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  16. ^ "Historic Centre of Vienna". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  17. ^ "Vienna – the City of Music – Vienna – Now or Never". Wien.info. Archived from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  18. ^ "Vienna's musical heritage - Mozart, Strauss, Haydn and Schubert". Music of Vienna. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  19. ^ BBC Documentary – Vienna – The City of Dreams
  20. ^ "Historic Centre of Vienna". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2012.


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).