Skanderbeg

Skanderbeg
Lord of Albania Latin: Dominus Albaniae[1] Champion of Christ Latin: Athleta Christi
Portrait of Skanderbeg painted by Cristofano dell'Altissimo
Reign	28 November 1443 – 17 January 1468
Predecessor	Gjon Kastrioti
Successor	Gjon Kastrioti II
Born	Gjergj Kastrioti (see Name) c. 1405 possibly Sinë, Principality of Kastrioti
Died	17 January 1468 (aged 62) Alessio, Republic of Venice
Burial	Church of Saint Nicholas, Lezhë
Spouse	Donika Arianiti
Issue	Gjon Kastrioti II
House	Kastrioti
Father	Gjon Kastrioti
Mother	Voisava Kastrioti
Religion	Islam (1423–1443) Catholicism (1443–1468)
Occupation	Lord of the Principality of Kastrioti, Chief military commander of League of Lezhë
Signature

Gjergj Kastrioti (c. 1405 – 17 January 1468), commonly known as Skanderbeg, was an Albanian feudal lord and military commander who led a rebellion against the Ottoman Empire in what is today Albania, North Macedonia, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia.

A member of the noble Kastrioti family, he was sent as a hostage to the Ottoman court. He graduated from the Enderun School and entered the service of the Ottoman sultan Murad II (r. 1421–1444) for the next twenty years. His rise through the ranks culminated in his appointment as sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Dibra in 1440. During the Battle of Nish in 1443, he deserted the Ottomans and became the ruler of Krujë and nearby areas extending from Petrelë to Modrič. In March 1444, he established the League of Lezhë, with support from local noblemen, and unified the small Albanian principalities.

In 1451, through the Treaty of Gaeta, he recognized de jure the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Naples over Albania, ensuring a protective alliance, although he remained a de facto independent ruler. In 1460–61, he supported Ferdinand I of Naples (r. 1458–1494) in his wars and led an Italian expedition against John II of Anjou (r. 1453–1470). In 1463, he was earmarked to be the chief commander of the crusading forces of Pope Pius II, but the Pope died while the armies were still gathering and the greater European crusade never took place. Together with Venetians, he fought against the Ottomans during the First Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479) until his death.

Skanderbeg ranks high in the military history of that time as the most persistent—and ever-victorious—opponent of the Ottoman Empire during its heyday. He became a central figure in the Albanian National Awakening of the 19th century. He is honoured in modern Albania, and is commemorated with many monuments and cultural works. Skanderbeg's military skills presented a major obstacle to Ottoman expansion, and many in western Europe considered him to be a model of Christian resistance against Muslims.