Portugal

Portuguese Republic
República Portuguesa (Portuguese)
Anthem: 
A Portuguesa
"The Portuguese"
Location of Portugal (dark green)

– in Europe (green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (green)

Capital
and largest city
Lisbon
38°46′N 9°9′W / 38.767°N 9.150°W / 38.767; -9.150
Official languagesPortuguese
Recognised regional languagesMirandese[a]
Nationality (2022)[3]
Religion
(2021)[4]
  • 14% no religion
  • 1.1% other
Demonym(s)Portuguese
GovernmentUnitary semi-presidential republic[5]
• President
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
António Costa
(Luís Montenegro)
LegislatureAssembly of the Republic
Establishment
868
1095
24 June 1128
• Kingdom
25 July 1139
5 October 1143
1 December 1640
23 September 1822
• Republic
5 October 1910
25 April 1974
25 April 1976[b]
1 January 1986
Area
• Total
92,230 km2 (35,610 sq mi)[6][7] (109th)
• Water (%)
1.2 (2015)[8]
Population
• 2022 estimate
Neutral increase 10,467,366[9] (90th)
• 2021 census
Neutral decrease 10,343,066[10]
• Density
113.5/km2 (294.0/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $465.1 billion[11] (50th)
• Per capita
Increase $45,227[11] (41st)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $276.4 billion[11] (50th)
• Per capita
Increase $26,879[11] (41st)
Gini (2023)Negative increase 33.7[12]
medium
HDI (2022)Increase 0.874[13]
very high (42nd)
CurrencyEuro[d] () (EUR)
Time zoneUTC (WET)
UTC−1 (Atlantic/Azores)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+1 (WEST)
UTC (Atlantic/Azores)
Note: Continental Portugal and Madeira use WET/WEST; the Azores are 1 hour behind.
Calling code+351
ISO 3166 codePT
Internet TLD.pt

Portugal,[e] officially the Portuguese Republic,[f] is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira. It features the westernmost point in continental Europe, its mainland west and south border with the North Atlantic Ocean and in the north and east, the Portugal-Spain border constitutes the longest uninterrupted border-line in the European Union. Its archipelagos form two autonomous regions with their own regional governments. In the mainland, Alentejo region occupies the biggest area but is one of the regions in Europe with a lower population density. Lisbon is the capital and largest city by population, being also the main spot for tourists alongside Porto and Algarve.

One of the oldest countries in Europe, its territory has been continuously settled and fought over since prehistoric times. The territory was inhabited by the Celtic and Iberian peoples, such as the Lusitanians, the Gallaecians, the Celtici, Turduli, and the Conii. These peoples had some commercial and cultural contact with Phoenicians, ancient Greeks and Carthaginians. It was later ruled by the Romans, followed by the invasions of Germanic peoples together with the Alans, and later the Moors, who were eventually expelled during the Reconquista. Founded first as a county within the Kingdom of León in 868, the country officially gained independence as the Kingdom of Portugal with the Treaty of Zamora in 1143.[14]

During the 15th and 16th centuries Portugal led the Age of Discovery and established one of the longest-lived maritime and commercial empires, becoming one of the main economic and political powers of the time.[15] By the early 19th century, events such as the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, the country's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the resulting independence of Brazil in 1822 led to a marked decay of Portugal's prior opulence.[16] This was followed by the civil war between liberal constitutionalists and conservative absolutists over royal succession from 1828 to 1834. The 1910 revolution deposed Portugal's monarchy, and established the democratic but unstable Portuguese First Republic, later superseded by the authoritarian regimes of Ditadura Nacional (National Dictatorship) and Estado Novo (New State). Democracy was restored after the Carnation Revolution (1974), ending the Portuguese Colonial War and eventually losing its remaining colonial possessions.

Portugal has had a profound cultural, architectural and linguistic influence, with a legacy of around 250 million Portuguese speakers around the world. It is a developed country with an advanced economy, and big tourism industry.[17] A member of the United Nations, the European Union, the Schengen Area and the Council of Europe, Portugal was one of the founding members of NATO, the eurozone, the OECD, and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.

  1. ^ "Reconhecimento oficial de direitos linguísticos da comunidade mirandesa (Official recognition of linguistic rights of the Mirandese community)". Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa (UdL). Archived from the original on 18 March 2002. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  2. ^ The Euromosaic study, Mirandese in Portugal Archived 5 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine, europa.eu – European Commission website. Retrieved January 2007. Link updated December 2015
  3. ^ "SEF - Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras". Portal Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras. Archived from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Censos2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ "Constitution of Portugal, Preamble" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  6. ^ "Statistics Portugal - Web Portal". ine.pt. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  7. ^ "Portugal country profile". BBC News. 24 February 2020. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
  8. ^ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Archived from the original on 24 March 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  9. ^ "População residente aumenta mais de 46 mil pessoas - 2022". ine.pt. INE. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
  10. ^ "Censos 2021 - Principais tendências ocorridas em Portugal na última década". Statistics Portugal - Web Portal. 23 November 2022. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  11. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Portugal)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
  12. ^ "A taxa de risco de pobreza aumentou para 17,0% em 2022 - 2023". www.ine.pt. INE. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  13. ^ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. p. 288. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  14. ^ Brian Jenkins, Spyros A. Sofos, Nation and identity in contemporary Europe Archived 5 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine, p. 145, Routledge, 1996, ISBN 0-415-12313-5
  15. ^ Page & Sonnenburg (2003), pp. 481
  16. ^ "The World Factbook". cia.gov. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  17. ^ "Portugal's Tourism Reaches Unprecedented Heights in 2023". etias.com. Retrieved 22 February 2024.


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