Back Etanol AF Ethanol ALS Etanol AN إيثانول Arabic ইথান'ল AS Etanol AST दारु AWA Etanol AZ اتانول AZB Этанол BA

Ethanol

For ethanol as a drug or medicine, see Alcohol (drug) and Alcohols (medicine).
Not to be confused with Ethenol or Ethynol.

Ethanol
Full structural formula of ethanol
Full structural formula of ethanol
Skeletal formula of ethanol
Skeletal formula of ethanol
Ball-and-stick model of ethanol
Ball-and-stick model of ethanol
Space-filling model of ethanol
Space-filling model of ethanol
Names
Pronunciation /ˈɛθənɒl/
Preferred IUPAC name
Ethanol[1]
Other names
  • Absolute alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Cologne spirit
  • Drinking alcohol
  • Ethylic alcohol
  • EtOH
  • Ethyl alcohol
  • Ethyl hydroxide
  • Ethylene hydrate
  • Ethylol
  • Grain alcohol
  • Hydroxyethane
  • Methylcarbinol
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
3DMet
1718733
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.526 Edit this at Wikidata
787
KEGG
UNII
UN number UN 1170
  • InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3 checkY
    Key: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3
    Key: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYAB
  • OCC
Properties
C2H6O
Molar mass 46.069 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Odor wine-like, pungent[2]
Density 0.78945 g/cm3 (at 20 °C)[3]
Melting point −114.14 ± 0.03[3] °C (−173.45 ± 0.05 °F; 159.01 ± 0.03 K)
Boiling point 78.23 ± 0.09[3] °C (172.81 ± 0.16 °F; 351.38 ± 0.09 K)
Miscible
log P −0.18
Vapor pressure 5.95 kPa (at 20 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 15.9 (H2O), 29.8 (DMSO)[4][5]
−33.60·10−6 cm3/mol
1.3611[3]
Viscosity 1.2 mPa·s (at 20 °C), 1.074 mPa·s (at 25 °C)[6]
1.69 D[7]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS02: Flammable GHS07: Exclamation mark GHS08: Health hazard
Danger
H225, H319, H360D
P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P305+P351+P338
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g. gasolineInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
3
0
Flash point 14 °C (Absolute)[9]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • 7060 mg/kg (oral, rat)
  • 3450 mg/kg (mouse)
[12]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1000 ppm (1900 mg/m3)[10]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 1000 ppm (1900 mg/m3)[10]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 3300 ppm [11]
Safety data sheet (SDS) [8]
Related compounds
Related compounds
Supplementary data page
Ethanol (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3CH2OH. It is an alcohol, with its formula also written as C2H5OH, C2H6O or EtOH, where Et stands for ethyl. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like odor and pungent taste.[13][14] It is a psychoactive recreational drug, and the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks.

Ethanol is naturally produced by the fermentation process of sugars by yeasts or via petrochemical processes such as ethylene hydration. Historically it was used as a general anesthetic, and has modern medical applications as an antiseptic, disinfectant, solvent for some medications, and antidote for methanol poisoning and ethylene glycol poisoning.[15][16] It is used as a chemical solvent and in the synthesis of organic compounds, and as a fuel source. Ethanol also can be dehydrated to make ethylene, an important chemical feedstock. As of 2006, world production of ethanol was 51 gigalitres (1.3×1010 US gallons), coming mostly from Brazil and the U.S.[17]

  1. ^ Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 30. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-00001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
  2. ^ "Ethanol". PubChem. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 3.246. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
  4. ^ Ballinger P, Long FA (1960). "Acid Ionization Constants of Alcohols. II. Acidities of Some Substituted Methanols and Related Compounds1,2". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 82 (4): 795–798. doi:10.1021/ja01489a008.
  5. ^ Arnett EM, Venkatasubramaniam KG (1983). "Thermochemical acidities in three superbase systems". J. Org. Chem. 48 (10): 1569–1578. doi:10.1021/jo00158a001.
  6. ^ Lide DR, ed. (2012). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92 ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis. pp. 6–232.
  7. ^ Lide DR, ed. (2008). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (89 ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 9–55.
  8. ^ "MSDS Ethanol". Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  9. ^ "Ethanol". webwiser.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  10. ^ a b NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0262". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  11. ^ "Ethyl Alcohol". Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  12. ^ "Ethyl Alcohol". 2 November 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  13. ^ "Ethanol". PubChem. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  14. ^ "Ethyl Alcohol" (PDF). Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet. New Jersey Department of Health. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
  15. ^ Powell MA (2004). "9: Wine and the vine in ancient Mesopotamia: the cuneiform evidence". In McGovern PE, Fleming SJ, Katz SH (eds.). The Origins and Ancient History of Wine. Food and Nutrition in History and Anthropology. Vol. 11 (1 ed.). Amsterdam: Taylor & Francis. pp. 96–124. ISBN 978-0-203-39283-6. ISSN 0275-5769. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
  16. ^ Schnelle, Norbert (August 1965). "Alcohol Given Intravenously for General Anesthesia". Surgical Clinics of North America. 45 (4): 1041–1049. doi:10.1016/S0039-6109(16)37650-2. PMID 14312998. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  17. ^ "2008 World Fuel Ethanol Production". Ellisville, Missouri: Renewable Fuels Association. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2011.