In 2020, it was found that voluntary self-directed reform of textile manufacturing supply chains by large companies to reduce the environmental impact was largely unsuccessful.[2][3] Measures to reform fashion production beyond greenwashing requires policies for the creation and enforcement of standardized certificates, along with related import controls, subsidies,[4] and interventions such as eco-tariffs.[5][6][7]
^Niu, Baozhuang; Chen, Lei; Zhang, Jie (November 2017). "Punishing or subsidizing? Regulation analysis of sustainable fashion procurement strategies". Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. 107: 81–96. doi:10.1016/j.tre.2017.09.010.