Science and technology in Italy

Leonardo da Vinci, a polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect[1]
Galileo Galilei, an astronomer, physicist, engineer, and polymath, played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. He is considered the father of observational astronomy,[2] modern physics,[3] the scientific method,[4] and modern science.[5]

Science and technology in Italy has a long presence, from the Roman era and the Renaissance. Through the centuries, Italy has advanced the scientific community which produced many significant inventions and discoveries in biology, physics, chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, and the other sciences. In 2019, Italy was the 6th world producer of scientific articles publishing more than 155,000 documents.[6] From 1996 to 2000, it published a total of 2 million scientific articles.[7] Italy was ranked 28th in the Global Innovation Index in 2022.[8]

  1. ^ Kemp, Martin (2003). "Leonardo da Vinci". Grove Art Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T050401. ISBN 978-1-884446-05-4. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  2. ^ Singer, C. (1941). "A Short History of Science to the Nineteenth Century". Clarendon Press: 217.
  3. ^ Whitehouse, D. (2009). Renaissance Genius: Galileo Galilei & His Legacy to Modern Science. Sterling Publishing. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-4027-6977-1.
  4. ^ Thomas Hobbes: Critical Assessments, Volume 1. Preston King. 1993. p. 59
  5. ^ Disraeli, I. (1835). Curiosities of Literature. W. Pearson & Company. p. 371.
  6. ^ "Scimago Journal & Country Rank - 2019". Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  7. ^ "Scimago Journal & Country Rank". Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  8. ^ Dutta, Soumitra; Lanvin, Bruno; Wunsch-Vincent, Sacha; León, Lorena Rivera; World Intellectual Property Organization (2022). Global Innovation Index 2022, 15th Edition. World Intellectual Property Organization. doi:10.34667/tind.46596. ISBN 9789280534320. Retrieved 16 November 2022.