Diesel fuel

A tank of diesel fuel on a truck

Diesel fuel /ˈdzəl/, also called diesel oil or historically heavy oil, is any liquid fuel specifically designed for use in a diesel engine, a type of internal combustion engine in which fuel ignition takes place without a spark as a result of compression of the inlet air and then injection of fuel. Therefore, diesel fuel needs good compression ignition characteristics.

The most common type of diesel fuel is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum fuel oil, but alternatives that are not derived from petroleum, such as biodiesel, biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL) diesel are increasingly being developed and adopted. To distinguish these types, petroleum-derived diesel is sometimes called petrodiesel in some academic circles.[1] petrodiesel is a high-volume profitable product produced in crude oil refineries.[2]

In many countries, diesel fuel is standardized. For example, in the European Union, the standard for diesel fuel is EN 590. Ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) is a diesel fuel with substantially lowered sulfur contents. As of 2016, almost all of the petroleum-based diesel fuel available in the United Kingdom, mainland Europe, and North America is of a ULSD type. Before diesel fuel had been standardized, the majority of diesel engines typically ran on cheap fuel oils. These fuel oils are still used in watercraft diesel engines. Despite being specifically designed for diesel engines, diesel fuel can also be used as fuel for several non-diesel engines, for example the Akroyd engine, the Stirling engine, or boilers for steam engines. Diesel often fuels heavy trucks, but diesel exhaust, especially from older engines, can damage health.[3][4]

  1. ^ Knothe, Gerhard; Sharp, Christopher A.; Ryan, Thomas W. (2006). "Exhaust Emissions of Biodiesel, Petrodiesel, Neat Methyl Esters, and Alkanes in a New Technology Engine†". Energy & Fuels. 20: 403–408. doi:10.1021/ef0502711. S2CID 53386870.
  2. ^ Gary, James H.; Handwerk, Glenn E. (2001). Petroleum refining: technology and economics (4. ed.). New York Basel: Dekker. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-8247-0482-7.
  3. ^ US EPA, OAR (2015-07-24). "Learn About Impacts of Diesel Exhaust and the Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA)". www.epa.gov. Retrieved 2023-04-29.
  4. ^ "California approves rule phasing out big diesel trucks". ABC7 Los Angeles. 2023-04-29. Archived from the original on 2023-04-29. Retrieved 2023-04-29.