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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. It is also closely associated with protein nomenclature, as genes and the proteins they code for usually have similar nomenclature. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957.[1] The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting).[2] Several other genus-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila fruit flies, Mus mice) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide.[3][4] Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available.[5] For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information.[6] Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.

  1. ^ Tanaka Y (1957). "Report of the International Committee on Genetic Symbols and Nomenclature". International Union of Biological Sciences B. 30: 1–6.
  2. ^ "About the HGNC - HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee". Archived from the original on 2011-03-10. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
  3. ^ Genetic nomenclature guide (1995). Trends Genet.
  4. ^ The Trends In Genetics Nomenclature Guide. Cambridge: Elsevier. 1998.
  5. ^ "HGNC Guidelines -". HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. Archived from the original on 2014-12-21. Retrieved 2018-03-23.
  6. ^ Fundel K, Zimmer R (August 2006). "Gene and protein nomenclature in public databases". BMC Bioinformatics. 7: 372. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-7-372. PMC 1560172. PMID 16899134.