Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), also known as autologous conditioned plasma, is a concentrate of platelet-rich plasma protein derived from whole blood, centrifuged to remove red blood cells. Though promoted to treat an array of medical problems, evidence for benefit is mixed as of 2020, with some evidence for use in certain conditions and against use in other conditions.[1][2][3]
As a concentrated source of blood plasma and autologous conditioned plasma, PRP contains several different growth factors and other cytokines that can stimulate healing of soft tissue and joints. There are some indications for use in sports medicine and orthopedics (acute muscle strains, tendinopathy and muscle-fascial injuries and osteoarthritis[4]), or dermatology (androgenic alopecia, wound healing, and skin rejuvenation) or even in proctology (fistula-in-ano[5]).[6] For preparation of PRP, various protocols are used, with an underlying principle of concentrating platelets to 3–5 times physiological levels, then injecting this concentrate in the tissue where healing is desired.[7] Besides the use in clinical practice PRP has been utilized for various tissue engineering applications in the context of bone, cartilage, skin, and soft tissue repair. It has been reviewed to serve as a source for the "delivery of growth factors and/or cells within tissue-engineered constructs, often in combination with biomaterials".[8]
^Belk, JW; Kraeutler, MJ; Houck, DA; Goodrich, JA; Dragoo, JL; McCarty, EC (17 April 2020). "Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Hyaluronic Acid for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 49 (1): 249–260. doi:10.1177/0363546520909397. PMID32302218. S2CID215809299.
^Hurley, ET; Hannon, CP; Pauzenberger, L; Fat, DL; Moran, CJ; Mullett, H (May 2019). "Nonoperative Treatment of Rotator Cuff Disease With Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials". Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 35 (5): 1584–1591. doi:10.1016/j.arthro.2018.10.115. PMID31000394. S2CID122575307.
^Smith, Patrick A. (2016-04-01). "Intra-articular Autologous Conditioned Plasma Injections Provide Safe and Efficacious Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis: An FDA-Sanctioned, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial". The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 44 (4): 884–891. doi:10.1177/0363546515624678. ISSN1552-3365. PMID26831629. S2CID42338794.
^de la Portilla, F.; Segura-Sampedro, J. J.; Reyes-Díaz, M. L.; Maestre, M. V.; Cabrera, A. M.; Jimenez-Rodríguez, R. M.; Vázquez-Monchul, J. M.; Diaz-Pavón, J. M.; Padillo-Ruiz, F. J. (2017-07-29). "Treatment of transsphincteric fistula-in-ano with growth factors from autologous platelets: results of a phase II clinical trial". International Journal of Colorectal Disease. 32 (11): 1545–1550. doi:10.1007/s00384-017-2866-9. ISSN1432-1262. PMID28755243. S2CID23285036.
^Cite error: The named reference Alves Grimalt 2017 pp. 18–24 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference prpbioactive was invoked but never defined (see the help page).